4 Conclusion

It is generally more difficult to disprove the validity of a technology than it is to demonstrate the converse. We pretend to have done neither, but believe we have demonstrated several areas where Vendor’s Free Mode approach might face difficulty. We suggest it is for Vendor to demonstrate his claims, and recapitulate some questions we think should be addressed:

1. First, what is the input source signal? If this is not known, just how may data from a single antenna be interpreted? If the source is known, how well known is it? What is known of its angle of incidence and polarization? How do these change with time? What of its Power Spectral Density? How does it change with time? How does one characterize and calibrate the receiver amplifier? What is its noise floor?
2. Second, what is the geophysical property or properties being measured? What are their characteristics? How does one deduce these from the recorded signal? How does one address the skin-depth, signal pass-band, and acquistion window length problems discussed in Section (3.1.3)? In other words, what is the physical justification for your approach? Can you propose an earth model that demonstrates or supports your claimed result?

As previously explained, this report is preliminary. We have not yet reviewed Vendor’s patents, and do not speculate upon what answers they might contain, or what additional insight Vendor might provide if asked. But until these two questions are answered, and in some detail, it is hard for us to view Vendor’s technology with anything less than a high degree of skepticism.